Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, VOLUME 119 | 2024
Research Articles
Characterization of larval habitats of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi and associated species in malaria areas in western Brazilian Amazon
1Fundação Nacional de Saúde-Funasa, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
2University of Illinois, Champaign, USA
3Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
4Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760240116
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1028 downloads
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND Anopheles darlingi is the most efficient vector of malaria parasites in the Neotropics. Nevertheless, the specificities of its larval habitats are still poorly known.
OBJECTIVES Characterize permanent larval habitats, and population dynamics of An. darlingi and other potential vectors in relation to climate, physicochemical variables, insect fauna and malaria cases.
METHODS A 14-month longitudinal study was conducted in Porto Velho, Rondônia, western Brazilian Amazon. Monthly, 21 permanent water bodies were sampled. Immature anophelines and associated fauna were collected, physicochemical characteristics, and climate variables were recorded and analyzed.
FINDINGS Five types of habitats were identified: lagoon, stream, stream combined with lagoon, stream combined with dam, and fishpond. A total of 60,927 anophelines were collected. The most abundant species in all habitats were Anopheles braziliensis and An. darlingi. The highest density was found in the lagoon, while streams had the highest species richness. Abundance was higher during the transition period wet-dry season. There was a lag of respectively four and five months between the peak of rainfall and the Madeira River level and the highest abundance of An. darlingi larvae, which were positively correlated with habitats partially shaded, pH close to neutrality, increase dissolved oxygen and sulphates.
MAIN CONCLUSIONS The present study provides data on key factors defining permanent larval habitats for the surveillance of An. darlingi and other potential vectors as well as a log-linear Negative Binomial model based on immature mosquito abundance and climate variables to predict the increase in the number of malaria cases.
key words:
Anopheles spp.
climate
principal components
Poisson log-linear model
Negative Binomial log-linear model
malaria
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Financial support: Ministério da Saúde (Brazil).
+ Corresponding authors: lourenco@ioc.fiocruz.br / rubiopalis@gmail.com 
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0423-5694 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0056-2540
Received 07 June 2024
Accepted 04 September 2024
HOW TO CITE
dos Santos F, Xu M, Bravo de Guenni L, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Rubio-Palis Y. Characterization of larval habitats of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi and associated species in malaria areas in western Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2024; 119: e240116.
