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Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, VOLUME 120 | 2025

Research Articles

Influence of a hyperglycaemic diet on Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice model

Aline Coelho das Mercês¹, Flávia de Souza Marques¹, Bruno Teixeira Martins¹, Gabriel José Lucas Moreira², Bruno Mendes Roatt², Cláudia Martins Carneiro^2,3, Silvia de Paula Gomes⁴, Joana Ferreira do Amaral⁵, Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira¹^,+

¹Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
²Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
³Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Escola de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
⁴Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
⁵Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Laboratório Multiusuário de Bioquímica Nutricional, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil

DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760250092

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ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Parasitic diseases may increase the risk of metabolic abnormalities through persistent inflammation. However, the effects of a hyperglycaemic diet during Trypanosoma cruzi infection remain poorly understood.
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the metabolic, parasitological, immunological, and histological effects of a hyperglycaemic diet during acute T. cruzi infection in mice.
METHODS C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: non-infected with standard diet (NISD), infected with a standard diet (ISD), non-infected with hyperglycaemic diet (NIHD), and infected with hyperglycaemic diet (IHD). Animals were fed their respective diets for eight weeks prior to infection and monitored up to 30 days post-infection (DPI) for blood glucose, body mass, biochemical markers, parasitaemia, tissue alterations, and immune cell profiles.
FINDINGS At the time of infection, hyperglycaemic diet groups showed higher blood glucose and body mass. By 30 DPI, these animals exhibited lower glucose, increased parasitaemia, adipose tissue hypertrophy, and reduced cholesterol levels compared with controls. Infected groups showed an increased CD4+ IFN-γ+ T cells at 10 DPI, whereas macrophage expansion was observed only in ISD mice. Cardiac parasitism was higher at 30 DPI than at 10 DPI.
MAIN CONCLUSIONS These results show that T. cruzi infection affects metabolic parameters and that a hyperglycaemic diet worsens parasitological outcomes during the acute phase of infection and appears to downregulate the immune response.

key words: Chagas disease Trypanosoma cruzi metabolic diseases

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