Multiple cytokine expression profiles reveal immune-based differences in occult hepatitis B genotype H-infected Mexican Nahua patients Nora Alma Fierro; Sonia Roman; Mauricio Realpe; Zamira Hernandez-Nazara; Eloy Alfonso Zepeda-Carrillo; Arturo Panduro PAGE: 1007-1013 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762011000800018

Influence of GB virus C on IFN-? and IL-2 production and CD38 expression in T lymphocytes from chronically HIV-infected and HIV-HCV-co-infected patients Giovana Lotici Baggio-Zappia; Aline de Jesus Barbosa; Milena Karina Coló Brunialti; Reinaldo Salomão; Celso Francisco Hernandes Granato PAGE: 662-669 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762011000600004

Dengue-2 and yellow fever 17DD viruses infect human dendritic cells, resulting in an induction of activation markers, cytokines and chemokines and secretion of different TNF-? and IFN-? profiles Mariana Gandini; Sonia Regina Nogueira Ignacio Reis; Amanda Torrentes Carvalho; Elzinandes Leal Azeredo; Marcos da Silva Freire; Ricardo Galler; Claire Fernandes Kubelka PAGE: 594-605 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762011000500012

Expression of bacterial virulence factors and cytokines during in vitro macrophage infection by enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri: a comparative study Silvia Y Bando; Ana CR Moreno; José AT Albuquerque; Juliana MK Amhaz; Carlos A Moreira-Filho; Marina B Martinez PAGE: 786-791 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762010000600009

Polymorphisms IL10-819 and TLR-2 are potentially associated with sepsis in Brazilian patients Fernanda Carregaro; Adriana Carta; José Antônio Cordeiro; Suzana M Lobo; Eloiza H Tajara da Silva; Andréia M Leopoldino PAGE: 649-656 | DOI: S0074-02762010000500008

Cytokine profile associated with chronic and acute human schistosomiasis mansoni Clarice Neuenschwander Lins de Morais; Joelma Rodrigues de Souza; Wlademir Gomes Melo; Marcílio L Aroucha; Paulo Miranda; Ana Lúcia Coutinho Domingues; Frederico Guilherme Coutinho Abath; Silvia Maria Lucena Montenegro PAGE: 561-568 | DOI: S0074-02762008000600009

Advances in understanding immunity to Toxoplasma gondii Elia D Tait; Christopher A Hunter PAGE: 201-210 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762009000200013

Host immune response to Toxoplasma gondii and Ascaris lumbricoides in a highly endemic area: evidence of parasite co-immunomodulation properties influencing the outcome of both infections Lílian MG Bahia-Oliveira ; Juliana Azevedo da Silva; Alba Lucinia Peixoto-Rangel; Marcela Santana Bastos Boechat; Annelise M Wilken Abreu Oliveira; Cristiano L Massara; Ricardo Guerra Peixe PAGE: 273-280 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762009000200021

T-cell responses associated with resistance to Leishmania infection in individuals from endemic areas for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Rita C Bittar; Ricardo S Nogueira; Ricardo Vieira-Gonçalves; Vanessa Pinho-Ribeiro; Marise S Mattos; Manoel Paes Oliveira-Neto; Sergio G Coutinho; Alda M Da-Cruz PAGE: 625-630 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762007005000069

Schistosoma mansoni major egg antigen Smp40: molecular modeling and potential immunoreactivity for anti-pathology vaccine development Mohamed F Abouel-Nour; Mahmoud Lotfy; Abdelfattah M Attallah; Barbara L Doughty PAGE: 365-372 | DOI: S0074-02762006000400004

The effects of fluconazole and cytokines on human mononuclear cells Isil Fidan; Sevgi Yuksel; Turgut Imir; Ayse Kalkanci; Semra Kustimur; Mustafa N Ilhan PAGE: 127-131 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762007005000021

Treatment of human acute schistosomiasis with oxamniquine induces an increase in interferon-g response to Schistosoma mansoni antigens Joelma R de Souza; Clarice NL Morais; Marcílio L Aroucha; Paulo JC Miranda; Constança S Barbosa, Ana Lúcia C Domingues; Luiz B Carvalho Júnior; Frederico GC Abath; Silvia ML Montenegro PAGE: 225-228 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762007005000002

Immunopathology in ocular toxoplasmosis: facts and clues Justus G Garweg ; Ermanno Candolfi PAGE: 211-220 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762009000200014

Preliminary results on interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 cytokine production in malnourished, inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice with schistosomiasis mansoni infection Renata P Ramos; Vlaudia MA Costa; Camila F Melo; Valdênia MO Souza; Elizabeth Malagueño; Eridan M Coutinho; Frederico G C Abath; Silvia ML Montenegro PAGE: 331-332 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762006000900053

Preliminar evaluation of cytokines in the hepatitis C-schistosomiasis co-infection Clarice NL Morais; Bruno M Carvalho; Wlademir G Melo; Edmundo PA Lopes; Ana Lúcia C Domingues; Norma T Jucá; Wayner Souza; Frederico GC Abath; Silvia ML Montenegro PAGE: 353-354 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762006000900057

Production of TNF-?, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide by macrophages from mice with paracoccidioidomycosis that were fed a linseed oil-enriched diet Sheisa Cyléia Sargi; Márcia Machado de Oliveira Dalalio; Jesuí Vergílio Visentainer; Rafael Campos Bezerra; João Ângelo de Lima Perini; Flávia Braidotti Stevanato; Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer PAGE: 303-309 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762012000300003

Distinct cytokine profiles of circulating mononuclear cells stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A in vitro during early and late episodes of chronic osteomyelitis  Gabriella Freitas Ferreira; Cícero Moraes; Alda Maria Soares da Silveira; Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira; Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho; Olindo Assis Martins-Filho; Elizabeth Castro Moreno; Luiz Simeão do Carmo; Lucia Alves de Oliveira Fraga; Luiz Cosme Cotta Malaquias PAGE: 348-355 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762012000300009

Cytokines and visceral leishmaniasis: a comparison of plasma cytokine profiles between the clinical forms of visceral leishmaniasis  Alinne Silva Andrade Costa; Graciomar Conceição Costa; Dorlene Maria Cardoso de Aquino; Vitor Rosa Ramos de Mendonça; Aldina Barral; Manoel Barral-Netto; Arlene de Jesus Mendes Caldas PAGE: 735-739 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762012000600005

Immunological and non-immunological effects of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy Edecio Cunha-Neto ; Luciana G Nogueira; Priscila C Teixeira; Rajendranath Ramasawmy; Sandra A Drigo; Anna Carla Goldberg; Simone G Fonseca; Angelina M Bilate; Jorge Kalil PAGE: 252-258 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762009000900032

The importance of apoptosis for immune regulation in Chagas disease George A DosReis; Marcela F Lopes PAGE: 259-262 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762009000900033

Tissue and serum immune response in chronic hepatitis C with mild histological lesions AT R-Viso; MIS Duarte; C Pagliari; ER Fernandes; RA Brasil; G Benard; CC Romano; S Ogusuku; NP Cavalheiro; CE Melo; AA Barone PAGE: 25-32 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762010000100003

Low and high-dose intradermal infection with Leishmania majorand Leishmania amazonensis in C57BL/6 mice Denise Fonseca Côrtes; Matheus Batista Heitor Carneiro; Liliane Martins Santos; Talita Correia de Oliveira Souza; Tatiane Uceli Maioli; Ana Luiza C Duz; Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge; Luis Carlos Crocco Afonso; Claudia Carneiro; Leda Quercia Vieira PAGE: 736-745 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762010000600002

The effects of nitric oxide on the immune system during Trypanosoma cruzi infection Fredy RS Gutierrez; Tiago WP Mineo; Wander R Pavanelli; Paulo MM Guedes; João S Silva PAGE: 236-245 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762009000900030

Immunological and parasitological parameters after treatment with dexamethasone in murine Schistosoma mansoni Ibrahim RB Aly ; Mohamed A Hendawy; Eman Ali; Eman Hassan; Mona MF Nosseir PAGE: 729-735 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762010000600001

Analysis of the expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and cytokine production during experimental Leishmania chagasi infection Glaucia Aparecida Gomes Cezário; Larissa Ragozo Cardoso de Oliveira; Eliana Peresi; Vanessa Cristina Nicolete; Jossimara Polettini; Carlos Roberto Gonçalves de Lima; Mariana Gatto; Sueli Aparecida Calvi PAGE: 573-583 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762011000500010

Interleukin-15 augments oxidative metabolism and fungicidal activity of human monocytes against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Camila Ferreira Bannwart; Rosana A Rodrigues Martins; Érika Nakaira-Takahashi; Luciane A Dias-Melício; Ângela MV Campos Soares; Maria Terezinha S Peraçoli PAGE: 866-872 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762010000700005

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances the modulatory effect of cytokines on monocyte-derived multinucleated giant cell formation and fungicidal activity against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Magda Paula Pereira do Nascimento; Camila Ferreira Bannwart; Erika Nakaira-Takahagi; Maria Terezinha Serrão Peraçoli PAGE: 735-741 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762011000600014

Immunological imbalance between IFN-? and IL-10 levels in the sera of patients with the cardiac form of Chagas disease Daniela A D'Ávila; Paulo MM Guedes, Ana M Castro; Eliane D Gontijo; Egler Chiari; Lúcia MC Galvão PAGE: 100-105 | DOI: S0074-02762009000100015

An in vitro model for dengue virus infection that exhibits human monocyte infection, multiple cytokine production and dexamethasone immunomodulation Sônia Regina Nogueira Ignácio Reis; André Luiz Franco Sampaio; Maria das Graças Muller Henriques; Mariana Gandini; Elzinandes Leal Azeredo; Claire Fernandes Kubelka PAGE: 983-990 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762007000800014

Dengue-2 and yellow fever 17DD viruses infect human dendritic cells, resulting in an induction of activation markers, cytokines and chemokines and secretion of different TNF-? and IFN-? profiles Mariana Gandini; Sonia Regina Nogueira Ignacio Reis; Amanda Torrentes Carvalho; Elzinandes Leal Azeredo; Marcos da Silva Freire; Ricardo Galler; Claire Fernandes Kubelka PAGE: 594-605 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762011000500012

Resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development in Lewis rats from a conventional animal facility Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves Zorzella; Juliana Seger; Douglas Rodrigues Martins; Ana Claudia Pelizon; Alexandrina Sartori PAGE: 931-936 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762007000800007

IL-10 release by bovine epithelial cells cultured with Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus Ricardo Chaves Vilela; Marlene Benchimol PAGE: 110-112 | DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762013000100018

Leishmania infantum induces high phagocytic capacity and intracellular nitric oxide production by human proinflammatory monocyte Christiana Vargas Ribeiro, Bruna Fonte Boa Rocha, Edward Oliveira, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta, Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190408

Alterations in cytokines and haematological parameters during the acute and convalescent phases of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections Rodrigo Nunes Rodrigues-da-Silva, Josué da Costa Lima-Junior, Bruna de Paula Fonseca e Fonseca,Paulo Renato Zuquim Antas, Arlete Baldez, Fabio Luiz Storer, Fátima Santos, Dalma Maria Banic, Joseli de Oliveira-Ferreira PAGE: 154-162 | DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140275

Low transformation growth factor-?1 production and collagen synthesis correlate with the lack of hepatic periportal fibrosis development in undernourished mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni Andreia Ferreira Barros, Sheilla Andrade Oliveira, Camila Lima Carvalho, Fabiana Leticia Silva, Veruska Cintia Alexandrino de Souza, Anekecia Lauro da Silva, Roni Evencio de Araujo, Bruno Solano F Souza, Milena Botelho Pereira Soares, Vlaudia MA Costa, Eridan de Medeiros Coutinho PAGE: 210-219 | DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140266

Evaluation of the natural killer cytotoxicity and the levels of cytokines in rats with type I diabetes mellitus Isil Fidan, Sevgi Yüksel, Ayse Kalkanci, Turgut Imir, Semra Kustimur PAGE: 883-887

Participation of cytokines in the necrotic-inflammatory lesions in the heart and skeletal muscles of Calomys callosu s infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Isis F Magalhães-Santos, Sonia G Andrade PAGE: 555-561

B-cell Infiltration and Frequency of Cytokine Producing Cells Differ between Localized and Disseminated Human Cutaneous Leishmaniases MGS Vieira, F Oliveira, S Arruda, AL Bittencourt, AA Barbosa Jr, M Barral-Netto, A Barral PAGE: 979-983

Detection of Circulant Tumor Necrosis Factor-?, Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor p75 and Interferon-? in Brazilian Patients with Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Elzinandes LA Braga, Patrícia Moura, Luzia MO Pinto, Sonia RN Ignácio, Maria José C Oliveira, Marly T Cordeiro, Claire F Kubelka PAGE: 229-232

Immune Response of Cattle Infected with African Trypanosomes Katherine A Taylor, Bea Mertens PAGE: 239-244

Resolution of an Infection with Leishmania braziliensis Confers Complete Protection to a Subsequent Challenge with Leishmania major in BALB/c Mice Hermenio C Lima , Gregory K DeKrey, Richard G Titus PAGE: 71-76

Cytokine Profile and Natural Killer Activity among Brazilian HIV-1-Infected Subjects AJS Duarte, MA Hong, LS Camargo, DF Nunes, A Carvalho, MN Sato,G Benard, LFM Brígido, J Casseb PAGE: 403-404

CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Immune Responses of Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised (AIDS) Patients with American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis Sergio G Coutinho, Alda Maria Da-Cruz, Márcia Pereira de Oliveira, Sergio CF Mendonça, Alvaro L Bertho, Paula M De Luca PAGE: 381-384

Mechanisms of eosinophil cytokine release Christianne Bandeira-Melo, Peter F Weller* PAGE: 73-81

Beyond sepsis pathophysiology with cytokines: what is their value as biomarkers for disease severity? Fernando A Bozza, Patrícia T Bozza, Hugo C Castro Faria Neto PAGE: 217-221

Studies on the Production and Regulation of Interleukin, IL-13, IL-4 and Interferon-g in Human Schistosomiasis Mansoni Clarice N Lins de Morais, Joelma Rodrigues de Souza, Wlademir Gomes de Melo, Marcílio L Aroucha,Ana Lúcia C Domingues, Thomas Wynn, Frederico Guilherme Coutinho Abath, Silvia ML Montenegro PAGE: 113-114

T Cell Clones from Schistosoma haematobium Infected and Exposed Individuals Lacking Distinct Cytokine Profiles for Th1/Th2 Polarisation T Mduluza, PD Ndhlovu, N Midzi, C Mary, CP Paris, CMR Turner, SK Chandiwana, MEJ Woolhouse, AJ Dessein, P Hagan PAGE: 89-101

T-helper 17-related cytokines and IgE antibodies during hepatitis A virus infection in children Jorge L Trujillo-Ochoa, Karla F Corral-Jara, Griselda Escobedo-Meléndez, Mauricio Realpe, Arturo Panduro, Sonia Roman, Nora A Fierro PAGE: 263-266 | DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140309

Role of Cytokines in the Formation and Downregulation of Hepatic Circumoval Granulomas and Hepatic Fibrosis in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Mice Allen W Cheever, Dragana Jankovic, George S Yap, Marika C Kullberg, Alan Sher, Thomas A Wynn PAGE: 25-32

Spontaneous hepatitis C viral clearance and hepatitis C chronic infection are associated with distinct cytokine profiles in Mexican patients Nora A Fierro, Karina González-Aldaco, Rafael Torres-Valadez, Maria E Trujillo-Trujillo,Sonia Roman, Jorge L Trujillo-Ochoa, Arturo Panduro PAGE: 267-271 | DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140377

Cytokines in the Modulation of Eosinophilia Lúcia H Faccioli/, BB Vargaftig*, Alexandra I Medeiros, Adriana Malheiros PAGE: 109-114

Eokines: Synthesis, Storage and Release from Human Eosinophils P Lacy, R Moqbel PAGE: 125-133

Impact of Antifibrotic Treatment on the Course of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Murine Model Michal Giboda, James M Smith PAGE: 693-697

Pattern of cytokine and chemokine production by THP-1 derived macrophages in response to live or heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin Moreau strain Periela da Silva Sousa-Vasconcelos, Wellington da Silva Seguins, Eduardo de Souza Luz, Rosa Teixeira de Pinho PAGE: 809-813 | DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140420

Primary dengue virus infections induce differential cytokine production in Mexican patients Sergio Isaac de la Cruz Hernández, Henry Nelson Puerta-Guardo, Hilario Flores Aguilar, Silvia González Mateos, Irma López Martinez, Vianney Ortiz-Navarrete, Juan E Ludert, Rosa María del Angel DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150359

Protection mediated by chemokine CXCL10 in BALB/c mice infected by Leishmania infantum Webertty Mayk Eufrásio Figueiredo, Sayonara de Melo Viana, Dorotheia Teixeira Alves, Priscila Valera Guerra, Zirlane Castelo Branco Coêlho, Helene Santos Barbosa, Maria Jania Teixeira PAGE: 561-568 | DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160529

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of cytokine-related genes and association with clinical outcome in a Chagas disease case-control study from Brazil Lucia Elena Alvarado-Arnez, Angelica Martins Batista, Silvia Marinho Alves, Gloria Melo, Virgínia Maria Barros de Lorena, Cynthia C Cardoso, Isabela Resende Pereira, Cristina Carrazzone, Antonio G Pacheco, Wilson Oliveira Jr, Milton Ozório Moraes, Joseli Lannes-Vieira DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170489

Analysis of the immunological biomarker profile during acute Zika virus infection reveals the overexpression of CXCL10, a chemokine linked to neuronal damage Felipe Gomes Naveca, Gemilson Soares Pontes, Aileen Yu-hen Chang, George Allan Villarouco da Silva, Valdinete Alves do Nascimento, Dana Cristina da Silva Monteiro, Marineide Souza da Silva, Lígia Fernandes Abdalla, João Hugo Abdalla Santos, Tatiana Amaral Pires de Almeida, Matilde del Carmen Contreras Mejía, Tirza Gabrielle Ramos de Mesquita, Helia Valeria de Souza Encarnação, Matheus de Souza Gomes, Laurence Rodrigues Amaral, Ana Carolina Campi-Azevedo, Jordana Graziela Coelho-dos-Reis, Lis Ribeiro do Vale Antonelli, Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Rajendranath Ramasawmy DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170542

Latex proteins downregulate inflammation and restores blood-coagulation homeostasis in acute Salmonella infection Brandon Ferraz Sousa, Ayrles Fernanda Brandão da Silva, José Vitor Lima-Filho, Anderson Gomes Agostinho, Denise Nunes Oliveira, Nylane Maria Nunes de Alencar, Cleverson Diniz Teixeira de Freitas, Márcio Viana Ramos DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200458

Innate immune receptors are differentially expressed in mice during experimental Schistosoma mansoni early infection Janete Cunha Lima, Ramayana Morais de Medeiros Brito, Luanderson Cardoso Pereira, Nathalie de Sena Pereira, Manuela Sales Lima Nascimento, Alan Lane de Melo, Paulo Marcos Matta Guedes DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760240013

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-beta in pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil Roberta dos Santos Silva Luiz, Thales Alves Campelo, Caroliny Soares Silva, Lucas de Lima Nogueira, Soraya de Oliveira Sancho, Ana Karolliny Alves da Silva, Cristiane Cunha Frota, Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760240147