The 20th century was once thought to be “short" (1), and at its final decade the “end of history" was declared(2). In reality it was neither short nor it saw the end of history. The 20th century was full of innovations and revolutions (political, social, economic, scientific, technological) but it also witnessed mass destruction, extreme violence, prejudice, persecutions, hunger, poverty and the emergence (or re-emergence) of devastating infectious diseases. At the final count, the 20th century was not so different from the past ones except for the scale and intensity of the events mentioned above. Most of these events were…

As we always do when April of each year comes around, we are again thinking about the celebrations of Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz anniversary. Of course, we tend to celebrate more enthusiastically the counting of years that ends in “0” or “5” digits, e. g., 50, 100, 115. Such numbers might lead to a strong commitment to celebrate relevant and historical achievements, yet in April 2025 Memórias do IOC will not celebrate an anniversary that ends in 0 or 5 digits. We are right now celebrating 116 years of publishing the first edition of this journal (officially Memórias do…

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz is not the oldest scientific journal in Brazil, having been preceded, for example, by Gazeta Médica da Bahia, which was created in 1866 but has had long periods of inactivity in its editorial trajectory. Except for the years 1969 and 1977-1979, when no article was published, Memórias do IOC, as we know it today, is the longest lasting and most successful scientific publishing initiative in all of Latin America in the area of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, having achieved broad international recognition as one of the journals that published important scientific contributions. For instance, the…

The Federal Decree n. 1802, published in December 12th 1907,(1) determined the creation of the “Instituto de Pathologia Experimental de Manguinhos”, now the “Instituto Oswaldo Cruz” and one of the current 20 research institutes of “Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz”. The same decree also determined the creation of a journal to disseminate the research work of the ‘Instituto’, stating in its 9th paragraph: “The research work carried out at the ‘Instituto de Manguinhos’ will be published as Memorias soon after confirming the experiments.” The first printed edition of the journal Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz appeared in April 1909, with…

Until the mid-1990’s there was no doubt on how a biomedical science researcher should proceed to start solving a problem or providing explanation to a natural phenomenon: use the “scientific method”. As taught in undergraduate science training programs, the “scientific method” consists of observing a fact or identifying a relevant question, formulate a hypothesis, collect data obtained under rigorous experimental set up, analyse these data with appropriate statistical methods, discuss them in view of the current knowledge, draw conclusions and finally (ideally) make a decision to reject or not reject the hypothesis. From the viewpoint of a bench lab researcher…

In 2013 the biomedical research community saw the birth of its first preprint server, the bioRxiv (https://www.biorxiv.org/). Since then, we have witnessed both the growing of repositories dedicated to the fast and non-peer-reviewed publication of scientific articles (preprint articles) and the community mind changing about the benefits (and risks!) of the immediate release of research results. It is a new scenario for biomedical and biological researchers but not for the physics research community whose arXiv physics has been publishing preprints since 1991. In view of current challenges, we may say that scientific publishing is now living under the "disruption of…

The scientific practice is one of the few human activities that do not require high amounts of financial rewards to attract talented people. Due to a peculiar feature of this activity, i.e., a feeling of being constantly challenged by problems whose solution appears far from simple makes some people get involved without expecting to make a lot of money. Of course, in some scientific fields there are many opportunities to start a business that might lead to big financial returns, for example, biotechnology, nanotechnology or molecular biology. Yet for the skilled and talented people not interested in making money through…

  In the biomedical sciences timeline, 2021 will be marked by two major events: (a) the second year of Covid-19 pandemics and its huge impact on our society; (b) the consolidation of new vaccine technology to deal with emergent infectious agents. For the Brazilian community of researchers in tropical medicine nonetheless, it is also a year that will be remembered as the farewell to José Rodrigues Coura (1927-1921), medical doctor, professor and researcher in human infectious diseases, director of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), vice president of research at Fiocruz, author of hundreds of scientific articles, editor and enthusiastic collaborator…

 The COVID-19 pandemic has affected human activities on a scale never seen before. In the scientific world it has been particularly hard: people involved in the activity of generating new knowledge have been under both huge demand and maximum expectation of proposing solutions to stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Under these exceptional circumstances, the research community has sought alternatives for the rapid dissemination of their work. An example of such alternative is the “fast track publication”, which was proposed by WHO during the epidemics caused by the Ebola and Zika viruses in 2015-16 (1). Many funding agencies and journals, including…

Last year, we published a possible scenario for scientific journals, or, as we stressed in that post—our turn to fail miserably in the art of predicting the future (Brandao & Pirmez, 2018). Now it is time for a little incremental change (or adjustment?) to this forecast doomed to fail miserably, which noted a large shift in journal function and operational structure. There is a chance that journals will lose control over both the dissemination of research results and the reviewing process. These scenarios are projected from initiatives which are underway and are giving a new shape to scientific publishing, particularly…